The Effect of Warm Ginger Compresses on Back Pain Intensity in Third Trimester Pregnant Women at the Jailolo Community Health Centre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/ijmh.v4i3.6112Keywords:
Back Pain, Ginger Compress, Nonpharmacological Therapy, Primary Healthcare, Third TrimesterAbstract
Back discomfort is a common musculoskeletal complaint among pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester, caused by biomechanical and physiological changes during pregnancy. This condition can interfere with daily activities, reduce sleep quality, and decrease overall comfort. Pharmacological treatments during pregnancy are limited due to safety concerns, making non-pharmacological therapies essential in primary healthcare. One alternative is the use of warm ginger compresses, which combine the benefits of heat therapy with the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger. This study aimed to examine the effect of warm ginger compresses on reducing back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women at the Jailolo Community Health Centre. The research used a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 16 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The treatment involved applying warm ginger compresses to the lower back following a standardized procedure. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a significant reduction in back pain intensity after the intervention (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that warm ginger compresses are an effective, safe, and simple non-pharmacological method for reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women.
References
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period (Committee Opinion No. 804). ACOG.
Bishop, A., Holden, M. A., Ogollah, R., & Foster, N. E. (2022). Current management of pregnancy-related low back pain: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 12(4), e056987. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056987
Chen, P. J., Chou, C. C., Yang, L., Tsai, Y. L., & Chang, Y. C. (2020). Complementary therapies for pregnancy-related low back pain: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(9–10), 1538–1552. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15220
Daily, J. W., Yang, M., & Park, S. (2015). Efficacy of ginger for alleviating pain and inflammation: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Pain Research, 8, 637–650. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S90265
Ernamari, E., Sari, R. P., & Lestari, Y. (2022). The effect of warm compress on back pain in third trimester pregnant women. International Journal of Midwifery Research, 5(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.47710/ijmr.v2i2.36
George, S. Z., Fritz, J. M., & Childs, J. D. (2021). Psychosocial influences on outcomes in low back pain. Physical Therapy, 101(1), pzaa213. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa213
Gupta, J., Sharma, B., Sorout, R., Singh, R. G., & Sharma, M. C. (2024). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its anti-inflammatory potential: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 40, 100561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100561
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 43 Tahun 2019 tentang Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Pedoman pelayanan antenatal terpadu. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2021 tentang penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan masa sebelum hamil, masa hamil, persalinan, dan masa sesudah melahirkan. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Liddle, S. D., Pennick, V., & Baxter, G. D. (2020). Advice and education for the management of low back pain in pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001139. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001139.pub4
Manyozo, S. D., Kayira, E., & Kumbani, L. C. (2022). Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on maternal comfort during antenatal care. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22, 418. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04785-6
Mashhadi, N. S., Ghiasvand, R., Askari, G., Hariri, M., Darvishi, L., & Mofid, M. R. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and disease: A systematic review. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10, 38. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_451_18
Nadler, S. F., Steiner, D. J., & Erasala, G. N. (2017). Continuous low-level heat therapy for musculoskeletal pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(2), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.09.124
Novelia, S., Rukmaini, R., & Anisah, S. (2021). The effect of warm compress on low back pain during pregnancy. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal, 1(3), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i3.55
Pennick, V., & Liddle, S. D. (2019). Interventions for preventing and treating low back and pelvic pain in pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001139. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001139.pub3
Petrofsky, J. S., Bains, G., Prowse, M., & Gunda, S. (2015). The influence of heat on pain perception. Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(8), 935–941. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00231.2015
Pratama, N. I. (2023). Prevalence and associated factors of low back pain in pregnant women in Indonesia. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24, 812. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06745-2
Rauf, M., Djabir, Y. Y., Rahim, A., Tóth, B., & Bahar, M. A. (2025). Use of complementary and alternative medicine during pregnancy in Indonesia. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 78, 102507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102507
Retni, A., Harismayanti, Sudirman, A. N., & Daud, A. W. (2024). Application of ginger compress to reduce low back pain in third trimester pregnant women. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 9(1), 55–62.
Salari, N., et al. (2023). Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05312-4
Sinaga, T. H., Juliarti, W., & Triana, A. (2024). Warm ginger water compress for reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women. Jurnal Kebidanan Terkini, 1(1), 1–7.
Vermani, E., Mittal, R., & Weeks, A. (2019). Pelvic girdle pain and low back pain in pregnancy: A review. Pain Practice, 19(6), 699–709. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12779
World Health Organization. (2019). WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine. WHO.
World Health Organization. (2023). Low back pain. WHO.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medicine and Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
